Erik Erikson

Born : 15 June 1902

Died : 12 May 1994

Our personality traits come in opposites. We think of ourselves as optimistic or pessimistic, independent or dependent, emotional or unemotional, adventurous or cautious, leader or follower, aggressive or passive. Many of these are inborn temperament traits, but other characteristics, such as feeling either competent or inferior, appear to be learned, based on the challenges and support we receive in growing up.

He divided the growth of the personality into 8 psychosocial correlates, different from Freud that focus on biological factors.

~Motive n Drive~

motive ::: Motivation is the driving force which help causes us to achieve goals...

there are three type of motive and drive in our lives...

1) PHYSIOLOGICAL DRIVES

is about our self-preservation which individuals attempt to preserve their own existence and the psychical processes that establish these behaviors. 

(fight or flight theory)

and preservation of human race that divided into

sexual drive (reproducing) and motherhood instinct (mother love) .

2) PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES

have three branches which are

~PoSsESsIon

~AGgReSsioN

~ComPeTiTiOn

~REligiOusitY

3)UNCONSCIOUS MOTIVES

Motives that the individual is unaware of, but that still influence his behavior.

Carl Jung

Carl Jung

Born : 26 July 1875 in Kesswil, Thurgau, Switzerland

Died : 6 June 1961 in Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland  

 He was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of a neopsychoanalytic school of psychology, which he named Analytical Psychology.

Jung emphasized the importance of balance and harmony. He propose eight psychological types, based on the interactions of the two attitudes and four functions.

Jung's Psychological Types

Extraverted Thinking	Logical, Objectives, Dogmatic
Extraverted Feeling	Emotional, Sensitive, Sociable; more typical of women than men
Extraverted Sensing	Outgoing, Pleasure-seeking, adaptable
Extraverted Intuiting	Creative, able to motivate others and to seize opportunities
Introverted Thinking	More interested in ideas than in people
Introverted Feeling	Reserved, undemonstrative, yet capable of deep emotion
Introverted Sensing	Outwardly detached, expressing themselves in aesthetic pursuits
Introverted Intuiting	More concerned with the unconscious than with everyday reality

• The Personal Unconscious ~ The reservoir of material that was once conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed

• Complexes ~ A core or pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes in the personal unconscious organized around common theme, such as power or status.

• The Collective Unconscious ~ the deepest level of the psyche containing the accumulation of inherited experiences of human and pre-human species.

• Archetypes ~ Images of universal experiences contained in unconscious.

Jung's Developmental Stages.

Childhood	Ego development begins when the child distinguishes between self and others
Puberty to Young Adulthood	Adolescents must adapt to the growing demands of reality. The Focus is on external, on education, career, and family. The conscious is dominant.
Middle Age	A period of transition when the focus on the personality shifts from external to internal in an attempt to balance the unconscious with the conscious.